1 干箱型房屋集装箱

1 dry box type housing container

干箱型房屋集装箱体现干货集装箱的一些主要特点，其钢结构是在ISO标准集装箱基础上拉伸的干箱结构，并增加内外保温层、装饰板等完成主体结构；内外保温层间设置龙骨，以增加内墙面的强度；地板采用发泡型水泥板或纤维水泥板，表面铺设材料可选塑料地板、木地板、竹木地板或粘贴地砖等；内墙面一般采用石膏板或纤维水泥板，再铺设墙纸；保温材料根据使用环境可选用岩棉、玻璃纤维或聚氨酯发泡材料等；内部设施的配备遵循客户的要求；运输角件布置在ISO标准集装箱的标准位置，便于房屋集装箱的运输。干箱型房屋集装箱的结构强度高，加之运输方便，使其受到不少客户的青睐；但由于用之搭建房屋的外壳完全为钢结构，缺乏温馨感，比较适合用作办公场所。

The dry box type housing container reflects some of the main characteristics of dry cargo containers. Its steel structure is a stretched dry box structure based on ISO standard containers, and the main structure is completed by adding inner and outer insulation layers, decorative panels, etc; Install keel between the inner and outer insulation layers to increase the strength of the inner wall surface; The floor is made of foam cement board or fiber cement board, and the surface laying materials can be plastic floor, wood floor, bamboo wood floor, or pasted floor tiles; The inner wall is generally made of gypsum board or fiber cement board, and then covered with wallpaper; Insulation materials can be selected based on the usage environment, such as rock wool, glass fiber, or polyurethane foam materials; The provision of internal facilities shall comply with customer requirements; The transportation corner pieces are arranged in the standard position of ISO standard containers to facilitate the transportation of house containers. The high structural strength and convenient transportation of dry box type housing containers make them favored by many customers; However, due to the fact that the shell used to build the house is entirely steel structure, lacking warmth, it is more suitable for use as an office space.

干箱型房屋集装箱的水电路一般布置在外保温层与内龙骨间。顶部电路布置在保温层内，一般在底部水泥板上开槽布置水路，排污水路设置在水泥板下方以减少对水泥板的损害，并对伸箱体外的管路采取适当保护措施。

The water circuit of dry box type housing containers is generally arranged between the outer insulation layer and the inner keel. The top circuit is arranged inside the insulation layer, and a water channel is generally slotted on the bottom cement board. The sewage channel is set below the cement board to reduce damage to the cement board, and appropriate safety protection measures are taken for the pipelines extending outside the box.

为增加外观的美感，提高隔温性能，目前的干箱型房屋集装箱增加顶棚和外披挂。顶棚可选用拉筋镀锌钢板、镀铝钢板、PVC型材、纤维水泥板等，外表面增加隔热涂层以强化隔热效果，采用斜坡式布置，以降低漏水隐患；外披挂材料可选用镀锌钢板、镀铝钢板、铝型材、PVC型材、纤维水泥板等，由于干箱型房屋集装箱带有外层钢板，外披挂的布置十分方便。

To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the appearance and improve the thermal insulation performance, the current dry box type housing containers have added roofs and outer coverings. The ceiling can be made of galvanized steel plates, aluminum plated steel plates, PVC profiles, fiber cement boards, etc., with insulation coatings added to the outer surface to enhance the insulation effect. A sloping layout is adopted to reduce the risk of water leakage; The outer hanging materials can be galvanized steel plate, aluminum plated steel plate, aluminum profile, PVC profile, fiber cement board, etc. As the dry box type housing container has an outer steel plate, the arrangement of the outer hanging is very convenient.

2 轻钢龙骨型房屋集装箱

2 Light steel keel type housing containers

轻钢龙骨型房屋集装箱分为以下2种形式：（1）生产企业在工厂将房屋集装箱结构装配完成，然后将之安装在使用场地的基座后接通水电即可使用；（2）房屋集装箱的结构板片由生产企业在工厂生产完成后装入集装箱运输使用场地，然后将各个板片组装成形即可使用。

Light steel keel type housing containers can be divided into two forms: (1) The production enterprise assembles the structure of the housing container in the factory, and then installs it on the base of the use site, and connects it with water and electricity for use; (2) The structural panels of the housing container are loaded into the container and transported to the usage site by the production enterprise after production is completed in the factory. Then, each panel is assembled and formed for use.

轻钢龙骨型房屋集装箱具有稳固的底结构系统，墙和顶均以钢龙骨为主，墙体内设装饰板，墙体外设外墙披挂，装饰板和披挂间的龙骨机构用来支撑墙面，顶部采用轻钢系统加外顶结构。与干箱型房屋集装箱相比，轻钢龙骨型房屋集装箱具有以下优点：（1）更具温馨气息；（2）使用材料较少，制作难度有所降低；（3）取消外壁板和外顶板，直接采用外顶披挂板和外壁披挂板，有效防止雨水积聚渗漏；（4）质量更轻，更符合低碳的要求；（5）由于其顶部采用轻钢龙骨支撑，使其更具结构可塑性和灵活性，内部分割更简单易行。轻钢龙骨型房屋集装箱的电气水路布置原理与干箱型房屋集装箱相同，即必须遵守使用地域的规定，以确保其性。

The light steel keel type housing container has a stable bottom structure system, with steel keel as the main structure for the walls and top. Decorative panels are installed inside the walls, and external wall coverings are installed outside the walls. The keel mechanism between the decorative panels and coverings is used to support the walls, and the top adopts a light steel system with an external roof structure. Compared with dry box type housing containers, light steel keel type housing containers have the following advantages: (1) they have a more warm atmosphere; (2) Using fewer materials reduces the difficulty of production; (3) Cancel the outer wall panel and outer top plate, and directly use the outer top hanging plate and outer wall hanging plate to effectively prevent rainwater accumulation and leakage; (4) Lightweight and more in line with low-carbon and environmental protection requirements; (5) Due to the use of light steel keel support at its top, it has greater structural plasticity and flexibility, and internal segmentation is simpler and easier to implement. The electrical waterway layout principle of the light steel keel type housing container is the same as that of the dry box type housing container, that is, it must comply with the safety regulations of the use area to ensure its safety.

3 插接式房屋集装箱

3 plug-in housing container

插接式房屋集装箱一般以20英尺标准集装箱为基准。此类房屋集装箱的顶部和底部均带有符合 ISO 20英尺标准集装箱运输要求的角件，角件上带有与角柱连接的构件，并与顶部和底部形成整体结构，装配简单、快捷；由生产企业在工厂完成顶底、角柱、窗和门整体结构及保温板的制作，然后以箱底作为承载机构，将顶作为盖板，组装成20英尺标准集装箱。由于由插接式房屋集装箱搭建的房屋采用拼接安装，需要提前设计好水路系统，然后进行现场增配。若房屋采用多个插接式房屋集装箱组装而成，需要考虑拼接箱连接处的防水问题，同时需要特别设计排水机构。此类房屋集装箱的电路一般布置在顶部及其侧边，墙面上除开关和插座外一般不布置电路和水路。由于采用插接式连接框架结构，插接式房屋集装箱的强度比干箱型房屋集装箱弱，适用于雨水及自然灾害较少的地方。

Plug in housing containers are generally based on a 20 foot standard container. The top and bottom of this type of housing container are equipped with corner pieces that meet the ISO 20 foot standard container transportation requirements. The corner pieces have components connected to the corner columns and form an integral structure with the top and bottom, making assembly simple and fast; The production enterprise completes the production of the overall structure and insulation board of the top and bottom, corner columns, windows and doors in the factory, and then uses the bottom of the box as the bearing mechanism and the top as the cover plate to assemble into a 20 foot standard container. Due to the use of splicing installation in houses built from plug-in housing containers, it is necessary to design the waterway system in advance and then add it on site. If the house is assembled using multiple plug-in housing containers, it is necessary to consider the waterproofing issue at the junction of the splicing boxes, and a special drainage mechanism needs to be designed. The circuits of such housing containers are generally arranged on the top and its sides, and circuits and waterways are generally not arranged on the wall except for switches and sockets. Due to the use of a plug-in connection frame structure, the strength of plug-in housing containers is weaker than that of dry box housing containers, making them suitable for areas with less rainfall and natural disasters.

4 旋转式房屋集装箱

4 Rotating house containers

旋转式房屋集装箱分为侧板旋转式房屋集装箱和侧板折叠旋转式房屋集装箱。前者将单个标准集装箱通过侧板旋转的方式扩大为原来的2~3倍形成房屋；后者将插接式房屋集装箱通过铰链连接，合理布置侧板形式，使之便于折叠放置，在使用时可通过旋转使其满足使用高度要求。

Rotating housing containers are divided into side panel rotating housing containers and side panel folding rotating housing containers. The former expands a single standard container to 2-3 times its original size by rotating the side panels to form a house; The latter connects the plug-in housing container through hinges and arranges the side panel form reasonably to make it easy to fold and place. When in use, it can be rotated to meet the height requirements.

侧板旋转式房屋集装箱的前后端与顶底结合成固定整体，以顶为主体，顶梁上增加上翻翻板，侧柱上增加旋转板并向外旋转成为与前后端平行的端板，下侧梁上增加向外翻转的挂板。此类房屋集装箱运输方便，能保证主体结构的强度，其密封性及翻转挂板的支撑是设计难点。

The front and rear ends of the side panel rotating housing container are combined with the top and bottom to form a fixed whole, with the top as the main body. An upward flipping plate is added to the top beam, a rotating plate is added to the side column and rotated outward to form an end plate parallel to the front and rear ends, and an outward flipping hanging plate is added to the lower side beam. This type of house has convenient container transportation and can ensure the strength of the main structure. Its sealing and support for flipping hanging plates are design difficulties.

侧板折叠旋转式房屋集装箱的折叠旋转是设计难点，既要求折叠板不能占用额外空间，又要求其展开旋转成房屋后具有大的有效空间，还要满足防漏水性能要求。与侧板旋转式房屋集装箱相比，此类房屋集装箱的强度有所降低，抗风性能也有所减弱。

The folding and rotation of the side panel folding and rotating housing container is a design difficulty, which requires that the folding panel cannot occupy additional space, and that it has a large effective space after unfolding and rotating into the house, and also meets the requirements of water leakage prevention performance. Compared with the side panel rotating housing container, this type of housing container has reduced strength and weakened wind resistance performance.

旋转式房屋集装箱的电路布置一般避免旋转边，因此，在水电路设计和布置方面存在较大挑战性。

The circuit layout of rotating housing containers generally avoids rotating edges, therefore, there are significant challenges in water circuit design and layout.

5 抽拉式房屋集装箱

5 pull-out housing containers

抽拉式房屋集装箱实际上是两个箱体的组合，主箱体的一侧封闭，另一侧敞开，副箱体相当于一个抽屉。此类房屋集装箱的设计难点在于抽拉的方便性和吻合性、副箱体支撑的合理性以及抽拉和关闭后的密封防水性。此类房屋集装箱的电路布置采取现场插接方式，水路布置采取预安装与现场安装结合的方式。抽拉式房屋集装箱充分发挥集装箱的延展性，使用时1个40英尺房屋箱可以扩展成2个40英尺集装箱大小的房屋。

The pull-out housing container is actually a combination of two boxes, with one side of the main box closed and the other side open, and the auxiliary box acting as a drawer. The design difficulties of such housing containers lie in the convenience and compatibility of pulling, the rationality of supporting the secondary box, and the sealing and waterproofing after pulling and closing. The circuit layout of such housing containers adopts on-site plug-in method, and the waterway layout adopts a combination of pre installation and on-site installation. The pull-out housing container fully utilizes the extensibility of the container, and when in use, one 40 foot housing container can be expanded into two 40 foot container sized houses.

6 木结构房屋集装箱

6 wooden house containers

木结构房屋集装箱采用木结构体系，也有部分钢结构，一般采用节点连接，其内外部采用快速装配材料装饰。木结构房屋集装箱在使用时需要提前搭建地基，集装箱以模块化方式运输安装地，然后通过连接搭建房屋。此类房屋集装箱的水电路一般均采用“外部采购+现场安装”的方式。木结构房屋集装箱搭建的房屋具有绿色的优点，满足一定强度和稳定性要求，目前此类房屋集装箱在欧美和日本使用较为广泛。

Wooden structure housing containers adopt a wooden structure system, and there are also some steel structures. Generally, node connections are used, and the inner and outer parts are decorated with quick assembly materials. Wooden structure housing containers need to have their foundation built in advance during use. The containers are transported in a modular manner to the installation site and then connected to build the house. The water circuit of such housing containers generally adopts the method of "external procurement+on-site installation". Wooden container houses have the advantages of being green and environmentally friendly, meeting certain strength and stability requirements. Currently, these types of housing containers are widely used in Europe, America, and Japan.

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